Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit exceptional luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological effects of UCNPs necessitate rigorous investigation to ensure their safe application. This review aims to offer a detailed analysis o

In this study, we outline a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-carbon nanotube nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The synthesis process involves a two-step approach, first attaching SWCNTs onto a compatible substrate and then introducing Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal me